Backend API Development

Node.js Express API Development Best Practices Comprehensive guide for building robust, scalable, and secure RESTful APIs with Node.js and Express.js. RESTful API Design Resource-Based URL Structure Use nouns for resources, not verbs Implement consistent naming conventions Follow REST principles for HTTP methods Example API structure: HTTP Status Code Standards Use appropriate status codes for different scenarios Implement consistent response formats Handle edge cases with proper status codes Example status code usage: Request Validation and Sanitization Validate all incoming data using schemas Sanitize inputs to prevent injection attacks Provide clear validation error messages Example with Joi validation: Error Handling and Logging Centralized Error Handling Create custom error classes for different error types Implement global error handling middleware Log errors appropriately for debugging Example error handling system: Structured Logging Use proper logging libraries (Winston, Pino) Implement different log levels Structure logs for easy parsing and monitoring Example logging setup: Testing and Quality Assurance API Testing Strategy Write unit tests for business logic Implement integration tests for endpoints Use proper test databases for isolation Example testing setup: Summary Checklist [ ] Implement modular route organization with Express Router [ ] Use proper middleware chain ordering [ ] Handle async operations with proper error catching [ ] Validate and sanitize all inputs [ ] Implement JWT authentication with refresh tokens [ ] Use bcrypt for password hashing [ ] Configure security headers with helmet [ ] Implement rate limiting and CORS [ ] Create centralized error handling [ ] Use structured logging for monitoring [ ] Implement database connection pooling [ ] Add caching for performance optimization [ ] Write comprehensive tests for all endpoints [ ] Configure proper environment variables [ ] Use PM2 for production process management Follow these practices to build secure, scalable, and maintainable Express.js APIs that perform well in production environments.

Python FastAPI Development Best Practices Comprehensive guide for building production-ready APIs with FastAPI, async Python, and modern backend development patterns. Project Structure Modular Application Architecture Organize code into logical modules (routers, models, schemas, services) Separate business logic from API logic Example structure: Configuration Management Use Pydantic BaseSettings for environment-based configuration Keep sensitive data in environment variables Implement different configs for development, testing, and production Example: Database Integration SQLAlchemy Async Patterns Use asyncio-compatible database drivers (asyncpg for PostgreSQL) Implement async session management Use select() for queries instead of legacy query() methods Example: Database Models and Relationships Define clear SQLAlchemy models with proper relationships Use appropriate column types and constraints Implement proper indexing for performance Example: Database Migrations Use Alembic for database schema migrations Create meaningful migration messages and version control Test migrations in development before applying to production Example migration workflow: Error Handling and Validation Custom Exception Handling Create custom exception classes for different error types Implement global exception handlers Return consistent error response formats Example: Input Validation Use Pydantic validators for complex validation logic Implement custom validators for business rules Provide clear error messages for validation failures Example: Testing Test Structure Write comprehensive unit tests for all business logic Implement integration tests for API endpoints Use pytest with async support for testing Example: Test Database Management Use separate test databases for isolation Implement database fixtures for test data Clean up test data after each test run Summary Checklist [ ] Use type hints and Pydantic models throughout [ ] Implement async/await for all I/O operations [ ] Structure project with clear separation of concerns [ ] Use dependency injection for shared logic [ ] Implement proper authentication and authorization [ ] Handle errors consistently with custom exceptions [ ] Optimize database queries and implement caching [ ] Write comprehensive tests for all functionality [ ] Use proper security headers and HTTPS [ ] Configure production deployment with Docker [ ] Implement monitoring and logging Follow these practices to build robust, scalable, and maintainable FastAPI applications.

Django REST Framework Best Practices Comprehensive guide for building robust, scalable REST APIs with Django REST Framework (DRF) and advanced Django patterns. Authentication and Permissions Authentication Strategy Implementation Configure multiple authentication backends Implement JWT authentication with refresh tokens Handle authentication errors gracefully Example authentication setup: Custom Permission Classes Create reusable permission classes Implement object-level permissions Handle complex permission logic Example permission implementations: Rate Limiting and Throttling Implement different throttle rates for different user types Create custom throttle classes Handle throttle exceeded scenarios Example throttling configuration: API Design and Documentation Versioning Strategy Implement API versioning Handle backward compatibility Provide clear migration paths Example versioning implementation: API Documentation with Swagger/OpenAPI Auto-generate API documentation Add detailed endpoint descriptions Include example requests and responses Example documentation setup: Production Deployment Security and Production Settings Configure proper security settings Implement CORS policies Set up proper logging and monitoring Example production configuration: Follow these practices to build robust, scalable, and maintainable REST APIs with Django REST Framework.

Golang Microservices This document provides comprehensive guidelines for golang microservices development and best practices. Go Best Practices Use Use interfaces for dependency injection Implement proper use interfaces for dependency injection Follow best practices for optimal results Error Error handling with explicit error returns Implement proper error handling with explicit error returns Follow best practices for optimal results Context Context for request lifecycle and cancellation Implement proper context for request lifecycle and cancellation Follow best practices for optimal results Graceful Graceful shutdown with signal handling Implement proper graceful shutdown with signal handling Follow best practices for optimal results Structured Structured logging with slog or logrus Implement proper structured logging with slog or logrus Follow best practices for optimal results HTTP API Development Use Use Gin or Echo for HTTP frameworks Implement proper use gin or echo for http frameworks Follow best practices for optimal results REST REST API design principles Implement proper rest api design principles Follow best practices for optimal results Middleware Middleware for authentication and logging Implement proper middleware for authentication and logging Follow best practices for optimal results Request Request validation and sanitization Implement proper request validation and sanitization Follow best practices for optimal results OpenAPI/Swagger OpenAPI/Swagger documentation Implement proper openapi/swagger documentation Follow best practices for optimal results Service Communication Synchronous: Synchronous: HTTP/REST and gRPC Implement proper synchronous: http/rest and grpc Follow best practices for optimal results Asynchronous: Asynchronous: Message queues (NATS, RabbitMQ) Implement proper asynchronous: message queues (nats, rabbitmq) Follow best practices for optimal results Event-driven Event-driven architecture patterns Implement proper event-driven architecture patterns Follow best practices for optimal results Circuit Circuit breaker pattern for resilience Implement proper circuit breaker pattern for resilience Follow best practices for optimal results Retry Retry mechanisms with exponential backoff Implement proper retry mechanisms with exponential backoff Follow best practices for optimal results Observability Structured Structured logging Implement proper structured logging Follow best practices for optimal results Metrics Metrics with Prometheus Implement proper metrics with prometheus Follow best practices for optimal results Distributed Distributed tracing with Jaeger Implement proper distributed tracing with jaeger Follow best practices for optimal results Health Health checks and readiness probes Implement proper health checks and readiness probes Follow best practices for optimal results Error Error monitoring and alerting Implement proper error monitoring and alerting Follow best practices for optimal results Deployment Docker Docker containerization Implement proper docker containerization Follow best practices for optimal results Kubernetes Kubernetes deployment manifests Implement proper kubernetes deployment manifests Follow best practices for optimal results Helm Helm charts for configuration Implement proper helm charts for configuration Follow best practices for optimal results CI/CD CI/CD pipelines Implement proper ci/cd pipelines Follow best practices for optimal results Blue-green Blue-green and canary deployments Implement proper blue-green and canary deployments Follow best practices for optimal results Follow these comprehensive guidelines for successful golang microservices implementation.

Java Spring Boot Development Best Practices Project Structure & Configuration Organize your Spring Boot application with proper package structure and configuration. Entity & Repository Layer Create JPA entities and repositories with proper relationships and queries. Service Layer with Business Logic Implement business logic in service classes with proper transaction management. REST Controllers with Validation Create RESTful controllers with proper validation and error handling. DTOs and Validation Define data transfer objects with comprehensive validation. Exception Handling Implement comprehensive exception handling with proper error responses. Configuration & Security Configure security and application properties properly. Testing with JUnit 5 Write comprehensive tests for all application layers. Database Migration with Flyway Manage database schema changes with Flyway migrations. Caching & Performance Implement caching strategies for improved performance. Checklist [ ] Use proper Spring Boot project structure with clear package organization [ ] Create JPA entities with appropriate annotations and relationships [ ] Implement repositories with custom queries and proper naming conventions [ ] Build service layer with business logic and transaction management [ ] Create REST controllers with proper validation and error handling [ ] Define DTOs with comprehensive validation annotations [ ] Implement global exception handling with meaningful error responses [ ] Configure security and application properties appropriately [ ] Write comprehensive unit and integration tests [ ] Use Flyway for database schema migration management [ ] Implement caching strategies for performance optimization [ ] Follow Java naming conventions and Spring Boot best practices [ ] Use Lombok to reduce boilerplate code [ ] Implement proper logging throughout the application [ ] Document APIs with OpenAPI/Swagger annotations

Rust Web Development with Axum and SQLx Project Setup and Dependencies Cargo.toml Configuration Project Structure Database Setup with SQLx Database Configuration Database Connection User Model Error Handling Custom Error Types Authentication and JWT Password Utilities JWT Middleware Services Layer User Service HTTP Handlers Authentication Handlers User Handlers Application Setup Main Application Database Migrations Initial Migration Testing Integration Tests Checklist for Rust Web Development [ ] Set up proper project structure with modules [ ] Configure SQLx with database connection pooling [ ] Implement comprehensive error handling with custom types [ ] Set up JWT authentication with secure password hashing [ ] Create service layer for business logic separation [ ] Implement input validation using validator crate [ ] Add proper logging with tracing [ ] Write database migrations for schema management [ ] Implement middleware for authentication and CORS [ ] Add comprehensive integration tests [ ] Configure environment variables properly [ ] Set up proper HTTP status codes and responses [ ] Implement pagination for list endpoints [ ] Add proper documentation with rustdoc